Getting your driver’s license in the U.S. can be one of the most exciting milestones for an international student. Not only does it give you the freedom to explore, but it’s also a huge time-saver when public transportation just doesn’t cut it.
Whether you're navigating the DMV (Department of Motor Vehicles) or figuring out local driving laws, this article will walk you through everything you need to know to get that American driver’s license as smoothly as possible.
Why a Driver’s License Is Necessary
For many international students, the U.S. lifestyle often involves a lot of driving. Having a license can be incredibly beneficial, making it easier to commute to classes, internships, or jobs and even take spontaneous road trips. Here’s why driving can be especially helpful for international students:
- Public transport limitations: Unlike in many other countries, American cities and towns (especially smaller ones) often lack efficient public transportation.
- Job and internship access: Having a car can expand your job and internship options as commuting becomes easier.
- Personal freedom: Beyond just getting around, driving offers the freedom to explore and make the most of your time in the U.S.
See also: Unlocking Career Success as an International Student
But first, let’s get into the nuts and bolts of how to actually get your driver’s license.
Know the Basics
Applying for a driver’s license as an international student is a slightly different process compared to U.S. citizens. Here’s what you need to know upfront:
- State-specific rules: Each state has different rules, so you’ll need to check the specific requirements of the state where you’ll be living.
SSN Requirement:
- California: No SSN is required if lawful presence is shown.
- New York: SSN or ineligibility letter needed.
International License Use:
- California: IDP is allowed only short-term; a state license is needed for longer stays.
- New York: IDP allowed up to 90 days, then requires a state license.
Learner’s Permit:
- California: Mandatory for all; 6-month hold for those under 18.
- New York: Permit needed, but no hold time for adults.
License Duration:
- California: Valid based on visa duration (I-20 or DS-2019).
- New York: Typically standard issue but linked to visa for renewals.
- Eligibility: As an F-1 or M-1 student, you’re eligible to apply for a license, but you’ll need to have a valid visa and meet certain documentation requirements like Active SEVIS Record, Proof of Residency, and Duration of Stay.
- Wait time: Wait at least 10-14 days after arrival before applying. Your I-94, the arrival/departure record, needs time to update across government systems.
See next: Buying a Car as an International Student—No Green Card Needed!
Gather Essential Documents
When you head to the DMV, you’ll need quite a bit of paperwork. Here's a breakdown:
1. Form I-20
- This form is essential for proving your eligibility as a nonimmigrant student. It must be signed by your Designated School Official (DSO) and up-to-date. If it’s missing a signature or expired, the DMV won’t accept it.
2. Passport and Visa
- Your passport and the most recent U.S. visa are needed to verify your identity and immigration status. Make sure you have both the original documents and a few copies, as the DMV may ask to keep one for their records.
3. Form I-94
- The I-94 form records your entry and exit details, including the length of your stay in the U.S. This document verifies that you’re legally allowed to stay in the country. You can access and print it directly from the U.S. Customs and Border Protection website.
4. Social Security Number (SSN) or Form SSA-L676
- If your state requires a Social Security Number (SSN) for licensing, you’ll need to obtain one before applying. If you're not eligible for an SSN (like many international students), you’ll need to request Form SSA-L676, which is issued by the Social Security Administration to confirm your SSN eligibility status.
5. Proof of Residency
- You’ll need to show proof of residence in the state where you’re applying. Acceptable documents might include:
- Utility bills (electricity, water)
- Lease agreements or rental contracts
- Bank statements with your U.S. address
Talk to Your Designated School Official (DSO)
Your DSO is like your best friend in this process—they can help you with everything from understanding local requirements to making sure your SEVIS (Student and Exchange Visitor Information System) record is “Active.” The DSO can:
- Help confirm your SEVIS status, which is crucial because the DMV verifies this before issuing a license. Without an active SEVIS record, you could be denied the ability to take the tests or get your license, so your DSO’s role here is vital.
- The rules around driver’s licenses can vary depending on which state you live in, and your DSO can offer state-specific guidance. This can include providing state-specific advice about the driving test, and document requirements, and even recommending the best local DMV.
Check this out: Bringing Guide of Your Spouse to the U.S. as an International Student
Set Up an Appointment with Your Local DMV
Each DMV office has its own appointment scheduling process. Call ahead or check online to find the requirements for your nearest DMV location. Be sure to confirm the hours of operation and whether appointments are required, as some offices may allow walk-ins for certain services.
Make a Checklist of Required Documents
Having this checklist in hand will help you avoid last-minute surprises and ensure you don’t have to make extra trips. After all, a smooth DMV visit means one step closer to getting your license!
Prepare for Your Driving Test
The driving test itself is broken into two main parts: the written test and the road test. Here’s how to get ready for each:
The Written Test
The written test usually covers U.S. road signs, state-specific traffic laws, and emergency protocols. This test might be the first step after submitting your documents. It is typically one of the first steps after you submit your documentation at the DMV. In some states, you might be able to take the written test immediately after submitting your documents, while in others, it may be scheduled for a later time.
- Study the Driver’s Handbook: Each state has a specific Driver’s Handbook, available online or in print at the DMV.
- Take Practice Tests: Websites like DMV-written-test.com or Driving-Tests.org offer free practice tests that can be incredibly helpful. These sites provide mock tests that mirror the real DMV written test, giving you a great idea of what to expect.
The Road Test
The road test measures your ability to actually drive on the road, including handling turns, following speed limits, and understanding U.S. road signs. It typically takes place on a public road, though some states have closed-course driving tests.
- Practice in Advance: If you’re new to driving in the U.S., practicing in advance is crucial. Familiarize yourself with basic U.S. traffic laws, especially the rules of the road, like driving on the right side and using seat belts.
- Use a Familiar Vehicle: If possible, use a car you are comfortable with for the test. If you don’t have your own vehicle, try to borrow one for the test day. A car you're familiar with will give you more control and reduce anxiety during the test.
Also check: 9 Ways to Get Your Green Card
Tips and Regional Differences
Each state has its quirks, so here are a few tips to make sure you don’t get caught off guard:
- Some states don’t require an SSN
While many states ask for a Social Security Number (SSN) as part of the application process, there are states where you can apply for a driver’s license without one. States like Washington and New Mexico allow international students to apply for a license even if they don’t have an SSN. This can be a huge relief for those who don’t qualify for an SSN due to their visa status.
- International Driving Permits (IDPs) may not be valid
If you’re considering using an International Driving Permit (IDP) in the U.S., you should know that while it may be accepted in some states, it's often only a temporary solution. An IDP is typically valid for up to one year and serves as a translation of your foreign driver’s license. However, it doesn’t replace the need for a U.S. driver’s license if you plan to stay longer or drive regularly.
- License validity
Another point of variation between states is the validity of the driver’s license you will receive, which can depend on your visa type. Some states issue a temporary driver’s license that is tied to your visa status, while others may issue a license that is valid for the entire duration of your stay in the U.S.
Understanding Temporary Licenses and License Expiration
As a nonimmigrant, you might receive a temporary license that expires when your I-20 does. Here’s what to expect:
- Expiration
If you're an international student on an F-1 or M-1 visa, your driver’s license will generally have an expiration date that matches your Form I-20 (for F-1 students) or DS-2019 (for J-1 students). These forms are tied to the length of your study program, meaning your license will be valid as long as you are legally in the U.S. under that status.
If your Form I-20 expires in 2025, your driver’s license will likely expire on the same date, regardless of whether you’ve completed your studies by then.
- Renewal:
If you decide to extend your studies or change your program duration, you'll need to renew your license. The renewal process for a temporary license is typically simpler than the initial application because you're already in the DMV’s system and have established residency.
Check this out: Become a U.S. Citizen
Why Your SEVIS Status Matters for Your License
Your SEVIS status is crucial when applying for a driver's license as an international student in the U.S. You must have an active SEVIS record to be eligible for a license, as it verifies your legal student status. If your SEVIS record is inactive, you may be disqualified from obtaining or renewing your license.
Additionally, your license will only be valid for the duration of your SEVIS status, so maintaining an active record is essential to avoid any issues with license expiration. To keep your SEVIS status active, ensure you're enrolled full-time, follow visa regulations, and report any changes to your Designated School Official (DSO), who can assist if there are problems. An active SEVIS record is not only necessary for obtaining a driver's license but also for maintaining your overall legal status in the U.S.
Temporary vs. Full License
Upon passing the road test, you may receive either a temporary or full license. Here’s what you need to know about each:
- Temporary License:
- Many DMVs issue a temporary license valid for a few months while your official license is processed and mailed to you.
- Full License Validity:
- International students’ licenses often expire with their I-20 or DS-2019 forms. This means if your study program is extended, you may need to renew your license as well.
In the 2022-2023 academic year, over 1.5 million international students were enrolled in U.S. institutions, contributing approximately $40 billion to the U.S. economy and supporting over 368,000 jobs. While specific data on how many obtained U.S. driver's licenses isn't readily available, their presence significantly impacts various sectors, including transportation. Boundless
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Can I drive in the U.S. with my foreign driver’s license?
- It depends on the state. Some states allow you to drive with a valid foreign driver’s license for a short period, while others require you to get a U.S. driver’s license. Always check the specific rules in the state where you're residing.
What is the SEVIS system, and why does it matter for my driver’s license?
- SEVIS (Student and Exchange Visitor Information System) is a government system that tracks international students. Your SEVIS record needs to be “Active” for you to be eligible for a U.S. driver’s license. The DMV will check your SEVIS status before issuing a license.
Do I need a Social Security Number (SSN) to get a driver’s license in the U.S.?
- Some states require an SSN to apply for a driver’s license, while others may not. If you’re not eligible for an SSN, you may need to provide an alternative document, like Form SSA-L676, to verify your status.
How long should I wait after arriving in the U.S. before applying for a driver’s license?
- It’s recommended to wait at least 10-14 days after arriving in the U.S. before applying for your license. This allows time for your SEVIS record to be updated and for your immigration information to appear in the DMV’s system.
What documents do I need to bring to the DMV?
- You’ll generally need:
- Form I-20 (signed by your DSO)
- Passport and visa
- Form I-94
- Social Security Number (SSN) or Form SSA-L676 (if applicable)
- Proof of U.S. residency (e.g., utility bills, lease agreement)
- Proof of enrollment (Form I-20, school documentation)
Can I transfer my foreign driver’s license to a U.S. one?
- In some states, you may be able to transfer your foreign driver’s license to a U.S. driver’s license without taking a written or road test. However, this depends on the state’s regulations, and you should check with your local DMV for specific guidelines.
What is the driving test like?
- The driving test typically includes two parts: a written test on road signs, traffic laws, and safety regulations, and a road test to evaluate your actual driving skills. You can prepare by studying the Driver’s Handbook for your state and practicing driving.
Can I get a temporary driver’s license while waiting for my official one?
- Yes, many states issue temporary licenses that are valid for a limited time, often until your official license is processed. These are typically valid for up to 60 days, depending on the state.
How long is my U.S. driver’s license valid?
- Your driver’s license will typically be valid for as long as your visa status lasts. If your Form I-20 or DS-2019 expires, your license will likely expire as well. You’ll need to renew it if you extend your studies.
Can I drive in the U.S. with an International Driver’s Permit (IDP)?
- An IDP may be accepted in some states, but it is typically only a temporary solution. It is strongly recommended to apply for a state-issued driver’s license, as most states require this for long-term driving.
How do I know which DMV office to go to?
- Your Designated School Official (DSO) can recommend the best local DMV office based on their experience. You can also check online for DMV locations and make an appointment before going.
What if my SEVIS record is inactive?
- If your SEVIS record is inactive, you cannot apply for a driver’s license. Contact your DSO immediately to resolve any issues with your SEVIS status, as it is essential for both your legal student status and your eligibility for a driver’s license.
What happens if I fail the driving or written test?
- If you fail either test, most states allow you to retake them after a certain period. The retake time varies by state, but you’ll likely need to pay a retesting fee.
How do I renew my driver’s license?
- To renew your license, you’ll need to show that your SEVIS status is still active. The renewal process is usually simpler than the initial application since you’re already in the DMV system. Check with your local DMV for specific renewal procedures.
Do I need a car to take the road test?
- Yes, you’ll need to provide a vehicle for the road test. It’s recommended to use a car you’re comfortable driving, and make sure it meets the state’s safety requirements.